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Thursday, 23 February 2012
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Museum of the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site was founded in 1972 on the basis of military unit 52605. The fund of the museum has 100 exhibits (photographs, documents, models, equipment). The idea behind the museum was in enlightening of wide layers of population and dissemination of information about the SNTS. It is the only museum in Kurchatov-city. Nowadays the museum presents its exposition to school-children and students, foreigners and workers of other organizations. Excursions are conducted in two languages; the museum doors are open for everyone who is interested in the history of creation and activity of the test site. The museum expositions give full characteristic of the three main testing grounds of the SNTS: Opytnoye Pole (Experimental field), Degelen and Balapan, the expositions show scale-models, photographs and equipment of physics-and-technology sector.

 

Opytnoye Pole testing ground scale model

Model “Opytnoye Pole ground” (“Experimental field”) with historic trueness shows preparation of the testing site for the first nuclear test in the USSR (29 August, 1949). In the center of the Experimental field (the total area 30 sq. m) a 30-m metallic tower on which nuclear charge was placed was mounted. To determine damaging effect of the nuclear explosion the field was conventionally subdivided into 14 sectors where measuring devices, different civil and military objects, and groups of animals – “biopoints” were placed in a certain sequence with different intervals.

Scale model of the well at testing ground Balapan

Scale model of a tunnel at the testing ground Degelen

Model of an adit at testing ground Degelen explains the principle of underground nuclear explosions on the testing ground Degelen in horizontal mountain excavations.

A nuclear device was placed in the edge box. A large-diameter vacuum tube of the removing radiation channel (RRC) passed along the gallery from charge to measuring sensors. The objective of the tests was to solve the problems of material science, radiation resistance, to work out methods for registration of nuclear explosion parameters but, primarily, to study destructive factors of nuclear explosions.

Model of the well of the testing ground Balapan discloses technology of underground explosions on the testing site Balapan.

Well is a vertical excavation partially lined with casing pipes of various diameters. The charge was lowered to the lower part of the well by a special running string, in parallel with the charge a special suspension with sensors measuring explosion parameters was lowered. To seal the well, Portland blast-furnace cement was used.

Long-focus fotoregister FR-2Д designed for determination of temperature and dimensions of fireball and lifting up radioactive clouds

One of departments of the experimental-scientific sector of the test site was department of optical measurements determining explosion capacity in trinitrotoluol equivalent. During a millionth part of a second it was necessary to make several photographs of the fireball, the time between flashes was known. Some of the devises exhibited in the museum were developed and manufactured specially before the first nuclear explosion. In 1953 this equipment developed by the Institute of Earth physics enabled to make high-speed photographs. For example, long-focus camera AKS-II-1000 designed for large-scale photographing of experimental works made 1,000,000 pictures a second.

Programmed automatic device AP-2, 1-st generation, made in 1955. It was designed for launching devices detonating nuclear charges and a set of registering equipment of the Experimental field. This scale-model is a unique relic of the SNTS museum.

Equipment medico-biological department

Medico-biological department of the experimental-scientific sector of the test site studied the impact of nuclear explosion on living organisms. The department was given a task to find different methods to protect the organism from radiation and ways for its post-radiation rehabilitation from damages, to predict hazard of high radiation level of the environment for people, and to find new ways of using ionizing radiation in medicine. The objects of research were different animal species.

 

Exposition of medical-biological sector has exhibits showing organs of some animals characterizing impact of the shock wave and ionizing radiation on biological objects.

The reports of medical-biological sector for the years 1949-1951 describe methods of carrying out experiments on animals in laboratory conditions.

Representatives of more 20 countries including Great Britain, South Africa, Finland, Canada, China, Japan, Lithuania, USA, Egypt, France, Indonesia, Brasilia, Burkinafaso, Germany, Uzbekistan, Russia, Kazakhstan et al. visited the IRSE museum.

From the museum visitors’ book:

“On the 25 anniversary of the Test Site it is a pleasure to see that the equipment is modernized and the volume of researches extends. I wish your work to be a success”. Yu.B. Khariton, December 24, 1972.

“Personnel of the test site fulfilled and is fulfilling the most important task of the Communist Party, the Soviet State. The exhibits show that they fulfilled their duty with the utmost responsibility. There is no doubt that this work was necessary both for country defense and for science. Good health, a lot of success to the people who honestly fulfilled their duty”, N. Nazarbayev, 6 March, 1989.

“Until recently I even could not imagine that I would get to such a museum. Here I saw a lot of interesting things and got a great impression. I would like to visit this museum again on the day when nuclear weapons would be banned all over the world”, Dziro Tomari, Acahi correspondent, Tokyo.

“It is tremendous… and frightening. Oh, God, don’t let us survive it again!!! Let us live in peace.” Difficult to make out the surname.

“I would like to thank the initiators and staff of the Semilalatinsk test site museum for deep and very exciting talk about the mysteries of the nuclear shield of the great country - the USSR! I would like to leave here my verses:

Oh, grapes of desert – uranium!

Your tasteless poison

First burnt out my grasses,

And then the boundaries of countries!

Best wishes to the enthusiasts of nuclear power engineering!”, Gazimbek Shaiakhmetov

Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site still attracts considerable attention of people in Kazakhstan as a place with continuous impact on human health. After stopping of nuclear tests the National of Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan was established on the basis the former Semipalatinsk Test Site. National Nuclear Center includes Institute of Radiation Safety and Ecology, Institute of Atomic Energy, Institute of Geophysical Research, Republican Treatment-Diagnostic Center. Their activity focuses on the issues of nuclear test effect study and problem resolving related to issues of radiation protection and assessment of radiation legacy. Providing information and knowledge to the population regarding radio-ecological issues at SNTS is made through:

- scientific publication

- holding of conference, workshops, lectures with participants representing a wide range of public organizations, individuals and mass media

- enlightening works among a wide range of people (meetings with population, participation in the conferences, excursions with schoolchildren and students)

 

International conference, contests of young specialists, workshops with representatives of mass media are held on the basis of the Institute of Radiation Safety and Ecology. Information-enlightening activity among a wide range of population aims at the formation of current view on nuclear test effects and their impact on environment.

Particular attention our Institute pays to direct work with population. Important role here belongs to our Science and Technology Museum at SNTS organized on the basis of Experimental part of the test site in the IRSE. Its comprehensive exposition provides visitors with unique opportunity to learn about the history of creation and evolution of the test site as well as with radiation-related consequences of nuclear tests. The Museum is very popular; Nursultan Nazarbayev, the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, has visited it two times. The IRSE Museum is visited by about 600 people each year; among them are scientists from various countries, public leaders, journalists, public, students and scholars.

Museum of the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site was founded in 1972 on the basis of military unit 52605. The fund of the museum has 100 exhibits (photographs, documents, models, equipment). The idea behind the museum was in enlightening of wide layers of population and dissemination of information about the SNTS. It is the only museum in Kurchatov-city.

Nowadays the museum presents its exposition to school-children and students, foreigners and workers of other organizations. Excursions are conducted in two languages; the museum doors are open for everyone who is interested in the history of creation and activity of the test site. The museum expositions give full characteristic of the three main testing grounds of the SNTS: Opytnoye Pole (Experimental field), Degelen and Balapan, the expositions show scale-models, photographs and equipment of physics-and-technology sector.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Welcome to our virtual museum of Semipalatinsk Test Site.

Clicking on the photo or selecting the point of pulldown menu You can implement the virtual tour of the museum. All museum pieces in an electronic exposition format are aimed at independent acquaintance for quests with models.

Now four expositions are available:

 

 

Панорама Автоматика

Макет Опытного Поля

СтендыПанорама Стенды

Памятник И.В.Курчатову Панорама И.В.Курчатову

 

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